Entrepreneur Project I Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Entrepreneur Project I - Research Paper Example blindness and deafness); they may also suffer from several mental disorders. In addition, some of the aged may not have people to effectively take care of them as some may be living alone, either because they were not married or did not have enough savings to buy or build a house after retirement. This necessitates the need for the creation of several programs, which will specifically target the aged and ensure that the quality of the life that they lead is not compromised by the fact that they are aged. Entrepreneurs and businesses should therefore look for ways to take advantage of the situation in order to get financial benefits. For instance, different products can be devised which will mainly target the aged in the community. One such product is the establishment of a paid up aged care; this facility will be able to provide the aged with the services necessary for the improvement of the quality of their lives. Moreover, the services provided will specifically target the old and will therefore incorporate different requirements that the aged need. Due to the fact that the business targets only a specific demographic sector, the business must effectively know how to deal with the uncertainties or future changes in the demographic fraction of the population. America currently has the highest number of the aged population in history. This aged population is expected to reach about 80 million as the baby boomers start reaching the retirement age (Cress 2007 p 211). In addition, this population needs specialized care and hence providing ready demand for the company’s services. Florida has a population of about 18 million; of this population, 17.2 percent are aged above 65 years. This is far much higher than the national average of 12.9 (US censors bureau 2009). However, even though the statistics of the aged appear to be large, only a small fraction of the population is fully capable of settling their

Bad Effects of Smoking Essay Example for Free

Bad Effects of Smoking Essay Cigarette smoking is usually associated with breathing trouble and lung cancer. But smokers are at a high risk of developing several chronic disorders. Along with high blood pressure, high cholesterol, obesity and diabetes, smoking is a major independent risk factor for a coronary heart disease or kidney failure. It causes damage by decreasing the oxygen flow to the heart. It increases the blood pressure and heart rate, both of which are fatal for the heart. A cigarette has many types of poisons, including carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, tar and most of all, nicotine. Apart from that, there are many other poisonous ingredients of varying toxicity. Nicotine is addictive and affects the arteries in a negative manner. Heartbeat increases, hypertension occurs and arteries get constricted due to nicotine. Oxygen supply to the heart is stopped due to carbon monoxide. Blood clotting and clogging gets increased. In the case of coronary artery, the supply of oxygen-rich blood to the heart gets decreased due to narrowing of the arteries. This strain leads to a chest pain or angina pectoris. Apart from the long-term bad effects, cigarette smoking affects the body right at the moment of smoking due to the presence of so many poisonous substances. Arsenic is a rat poison, methane is a rocket fuel, ammonia is used in floor cleaning, cadmium is used in batteries, carbon monoxide is part of car exhaust and hydrogen cyanide is a poison used in gas chambers. Every time one inhales smoke from a cigarette, all these poisonous chemicals enter into the blood through the lungs in small amounts. Even small amounts of such deadly poisons can harm the body. Smoking makes one smell bad, stains the teeth, causes the skin to wrinkle and gives bad breath. Cavities are found three times more in smokers than non-smokers. Hormone levels get lower due to smoking. Smokers cough for a long time. They are more prone to bronchitis and pneumonia. Smokers fall sick more often. Every time one inhales smoke from a cigarette, some of the air sacks in the lungs get killed. This way, parts of the lungs gradually get destroyed. This hampers activities like sports or singing where proper breathing is necessary. Smoking paralyzes the hair-like structures called cilia lining the lungs. They become incapable of sweeping out dust particles, smoke and pollens from the lungs. As a result these particles stay permanently in the lungs and form tar. Cigarettes are as bad as cocaine or heroin. The poisonous addictive in nicotine makes people feel good while smoking. This increases the chances of lung cancer or emphysema. One ends up being sick for a long, long time. Smoke from a cigarette increases fatty deposits in the blood and strains the heart. The risk of a heart disease and atherosclerosis gets aggravated due to this. Atherosclerosis is a disease in which fatty substances like cholesterol, cellular waste, calcium etc are deposited along the lining of arteries in a human body. LDL cholesterol increases and HDL cholesterol decreases due to smoking. Triglycerides increases and affects the cholesterol levels negatively.

Resistance to the Nazis: The White Rose Essay -- WWII, German history

The Nazi Party, controlled by Adolf Hitler, ruled Germany from 1933 to 1945. In 1933, Hitler became the Chancellor of Germany and the Nazi government began to take over. Hitler became a very influential speaker and attracted new members to his party by blaming Jews for Germany’s problems and developed a concept of a â€Å"master race.† The Nazis believed that Germans were â€Å"racially superior† and that the Jewish people were a threat to the German racial community and also targeted other groups because of their â€Å"perceived racial inferiority† such as Gypsies, disabled persons, Polish people and Russians as well as many others. In 1938, Jewish people were banned from public places in Germany and many were sent to concentration camps where they were either murdered or forced to work. Many individuals and groups attempted to resist Nazism in Germany, but were unsuccessful. The White Rose, The Red Orchestra and the Kreisau Circle all advocated non-viol ent resistance to oppose the Nazi regime and even with the high risk of getting caught and potentially killed, the courageous members of these groups went after what they believed was right despite the serious consequences. The White Rose was formed in Munich in 1942 by students at the University of Munich named Hans Scholl, Sophie Scholl, Willi Graf and Alexander Schmorell. These students constantly heard others discuss the atrocities of Hitler’s regime and the disturbing stories of over 200,000 Jewish people being murdered. Hans Scholl, the leader of the White Rose group, decided to take action as he could no longer stay silent while so many civilians were being murdered. The White Rose group strived to raise awareness of Hitler’s actions and to help end Anti-semitism in Germany and ensure... ...ited States Holocaust Memorial Museum. United States Holocaust Memorial Council. Web. 12 May 2014. Sheehan, Sean. Why Did the Holocaust Happen? New York, NY: Gareth Stevens Pub., 2011. Print. Shuter, Jane. Resistance to the Nazis. Chicago: Heinemann Library, 2003. Print. "The Kreisau Circle." Kreisau Circle. Web. 14 May 2014. "The Germans Who Tried to Topple Hitler." BBC News. Web. 21 May 2014. "The Leaflets." White-rose-studies. Web. 20 May 2014. "The Red Orchestra (Die Rote Kapelle)." Berliner Themenjahr 2013. Web. 22 May 2014. ""The Red Orchestra": Actions of Little-known Nazi-resistance Group Are Brought to Light." Movies. Web. 22 May 2014. "White Rose (German Anti-Nazi Group)." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica. Web. 12 May 2014. "World War II: The White Rose Resistance Group." About.com Military History. Web. 12 May 2014.

Henna in Arab countries and India Essay

Henna is a type of temporary tattoo that dyes the skin for several weeks. Henna is made out of a plant that is dried, ground to a dust and then made in to a paste by adding essential oils. Henna got its start in the Arab culture and remains popular to this day and growing in popularity in other countries. The paste that is made is placed into a cone or bag that closely resembles that used by cake decorators. The paste is applied to the skin in intricate designs and as it dries and hardens it begins to fall off leaving behind an orange tint. Designs made from henna are completely free form and have no specific meaning and are meant for the sheer beauty of the art with no religious or cultural meaning. The henna tattoo can consist of nearly any pattern or series of patterns and the more elaborate the design the more erotic and sensual it is. Henna is made primarily of several design styles which include flowers, paisley designs, intricate lines, shading and doily designs. These pattern s can wrap around your fingers, wrist, ankle or any other curved part of your body. Henna in the Arab World Permanent tattoos in the Muslim world are greatly frowned upon, which makes henna a very popular alternative that dates back hundreds of years and is steeped in tradition. Henna makes it easy to get a tattoo without it being against Muslim traditions, since they only last a few weeks. These beautifully intricate designs are applied mainly to young women to glamorize themselves (older women will also sometimes wear henna) to their husbands after their wedding and during the ceremony. Arabic Henna throughout the World Henna can be seen in countries all around the globe despite its roots being firmly planted in the Middle East existing in India, Egypt, Pakistan, and Morocco among just a few. The typical style in the originating country is that of large floral patterns painted all over the body, but as the design spreads it changes to meet the needs of the people. The United States, for instance, has taken henna and made it into pure skin decoration. Unlike the Middle East, the main reason to get henna is for show and not some profound meaning. The sentimental factors involved have been removed and what’s left is something very basic and watered down. Henna done at the circus, carnivals and Renaissance fairs are just several examples of western style henna. I went to (global village) in Indian village to meet some women’s who knows more about the henna and I had an interview with an old lady that work there in henna shop she’s Indian: (Me): Could you tell us a bit about the tradition of henna and how it has transformed into a popular body art? (Old lady): Henna has been used down through the ages for thousands of years. Inscriptions place henna in use in Syria as early as 2100 BCE and in the Greek Islands from around 1700 BCE. Henna has usually been utilized with cultures that have a history of Goddess worship. Henna was relatively unknown ten years ago, and it has become more popular with women here in California and around the world. The art of henna is amazing, and now it can be embellished with jewels and glitter to make it sparkle and coordinate with your clothes. Women of all ages use henna for celebrations, and the art has improved and become more popular than ever before through word of mouth and the Internet. (Me): What exactly is henna dye, and what are the ingredients? (Old lady): Henna is the Persian name for a shrub known scientifically as Lawsonia Inermis. It is harvested twice a year, dried and ground into a fine powder. The powder is used to dye hair red and for the ancient eastern art of mehndi. The henna tannic acid is a natural safe vegetable dye that bonds with the collagen in your skin cells and the keratin in the hair leaving a lovely color. (Me): Is henna dye available in different colors or levels of intensity? (Old lady): Different colors or levels of intensity are achieved in several ways. Henna can be steamed on the skin to darken it, or it can be left on for different lengths of time to get darker and lighter stains. Henna will be a shade of red/brown. There are no other safe dyes and henna does not come in black or blue. Allergies Are Rare (Me): Should you test for an allergic reaction prior to applying henna dye to the skin? (Old lady): You can test for henna sensitivity although it is extremely rare. If you use 100% natural henna mixed with safe oils and lemon juice, there is little to no chance of an allergic reaction. If you suspect a henna allergy, please do not apply the henna and be sure to also test for citrus allergies. (me): Even though henna art is temporary, how long should the tattoo last? (Old lady): Henna typically lasts seven to ten days. However, it can last longer than that depending on several variables such as where the henna is placed on the body, how long the henna is on the skin, if the skin is clean, and if the essential oils and henna are good quality. (Me): Could you explain the difference between Indian style designs and Arabic style henna? (Old lady): Indian styles of henna are usually filled with lacy paisleys or flowers and everyday shapes from daily Indian life such as the mango and the peacock. Arabic style is usually a large floral that will have more open space, and the designs will not have a motif like faces or peacocks. Both styles of henna are amazingly beautiful. (me): Is it easy to apply henna yourself? What’s the process? ((Old lady): If you want to apply the henna yourself, you can purchase paste already made or mix it yourself. Henna Caravan sells henna ready to use inside applicator bottles and our Create kits let you mix your own. Which ever you choose, all you have to do is: * Fill your applicator, clean the skin and you are ready to begin. * After the paste is applied, leave the henna on the skin for four to six hours and scrape it off leaving the dyed skin. * The stain will continue to darken over the next 36 hours, and you will have great henna. Tools and Supplies (Me): What tools and implements are needed to create a henna tattoo? (Old lady): You can use a hand rolled cone, a jacquard applicator bottle or other bottle to apply henna. Henna has been applied with sticks, rolled into strings and pressed on the skin, taped areas or stencils and paintbrushes may also be used. (me): Are there any starter kits that are a good investment for a beginning henna artist? (Old lady): I think the Henna Caravan kit is a perfect beginner kit. It comes complete with everything you need to have a successful henna experience – bottles, premium henna, wonderful essential oils and all the tool and tips and patterns to get you started. The jacquard bottle is easy to refill. (me): What rituals or occasions are most popular for henna art? (Old lady): In our experience birthday parties are most popular for every age along with graduation parties and Bar/Bat mitzvahs, Blessing ways are also great fun and so relaxing for everyone. (Me): Summer is a great time of year to flaunt a henna tattoo. If someone is on the fence but wants to experiment with their first henna design, what’s your favorite placement and artwork style? (Old lady): Get something you like whether it is flowers or skulls or geometric patterns, and put it on your ankle or up the leg. If you want more, just repeat the pattern; make three flowers instead of one, so it flows on the body. (Me): Why are some henna darker than others? (Old lady): Mostly this depends on how the henna has been stored. Henna leaves plucked straight off the plant will leave the darkest stain. Leaves that have been powdered need to be carefully preserved; powdered henna that is kept cold in an airtight container is best in my experience. Henna has, today, become a part of all major festivals and celebration. Be it, Purim, Eid, Diwali, Karva Chauth, Passover, Nowruz or Mawlid, it has graced every occasion with its presence. Celebrations like wedding, birth of a baby and birthdays seem to be incomplete without the ceremony of henna. Brides, in the present time, typically have the most complex patterns of henna, to express their greatest joy and wishes for luck. With an improved technology being used for its cultivation, henna available today, has an enhanced dye content and greater artistic potential than earlier.

Arranged Marriages Forced

Arranged Marriages Forced Although the modern social norms of western cultures expect marriage to be based on love and a strong bond between two people, this is not the basis for marriage in all cultures or societies. Although the greater parts of arranged marriages aren’t intended to be forced, the couples are given the chance to oppose their chosen partners if they don’t feel that the marriage would be a success. In other cases, the couples have no choice; it’s a sign of disrespect to refuse. Many people have a major misunderstanding of the arranged marriage. Many cultures world-wide have believed in the tradition of arranged marriages for many Centuries and some still practice it today. The best way to understand the reasoning behind such cultures is to put aside your own beliefs, opinions, and preconceived ideas in order to see more clearly before dismissing it has wrong. One of the most difficult changes to make in a marriage is the acceptance of your partners’ beliefs and or values compared to what you believe. And yet, in arranged marriages it’s assumed that the couple is perfectly matched, as the families of their son or daughter will choose prospective partners from the same culture, religion, and social class. The similar back ground can ease the process of good communication as well as reduce conflict in any and all decisions such as how the children should be raised. In many cultures the spouse will sometimes live with or in the same neighborhood of their partners’ family. In difficult times, this could mean that they have a strong social network on hand to provide support. In other cases, the interference from the family members or other people within the neighborhood may seem like they are interfering. On the other hand, when there are problems that need solved, having a person nearby to act as a mediator or counselor is beneficial. Contrary to the â€Å"old â€Å" arranged marriage, in which children are forbidden from choosing their own partners, the modern arranged marriage is not about being forced into federation. It’s about relying on their match making mastery of Mom and Dad (Holly McKay 2007). One of major criticism made of arranged marriages is that love takes a back seat and that the emphasis is rather a social standing and cultural back ground. These cultures tend to value the social and economic possibility of the marriage over the strength of emotion between the couple. It's important to understand both the distinctions between arranged and forced marriage and the fact that they sometimes overlap. While arranged marriages have brought happiness and stability to couples and communities, forced marriages are by nature exploitative and unequal (Amanda Kloer, 2009). They key factor present in an arranged marriage is the consent of both people getting married to be matched and married through a third party arrangement. (Amanda Kloer, 2009) Forced marriages are arranged, but without the consent of both parties –specifically, usually without the woman's consent (Amanda Kloer, 2009). It is often easy to dismiss concepts that we are not familiar with or that we do not understand, yet, by taking an open-minded approach, it’s usually apparent that any marriage contains just as many advantages as disadvantages ? Reference list McKay, Holly (June 29, 2009) Because mom said so: Are Arranged Marriages the next big Trend? http://foxnews. com/0,3566,287211,00. html retrieved April 11, 2010. Kloer, Amanda (September 8, 2009) Arranged Marriage vs. Forced Marriage. http://humantrafficking. change. org/blog/view/arranged_marriage_vs_forced_marriage Retrieved April 11, 2010.

Earning a Supply Chain Management Degree

Earning a Supply Chain Management Degree Supply chain management involves overseeing aspects of the supply chain. A supply chain is a network of interconnected businesses. Each business contributes one aspect of the chain, from production to the procurement of raw materials to the transportation of materials to the manufacturing process to the consumer market to the final act of consumption. The ultimate goal of supply chain management is to make this chain run efficiently and effectively while reducing costs and delivering customer satisfaction. What a Supply Chain Management Degree Is A supply chain management degree is a type of post-secondary degree awarded to students who have completed a college, university, or business school program that focuses on the management of supply chain activities. Types of Supply Chain Management Degrees There are three basic types of supply chain management degrees that can be earned from a college, university, or business school: Bachelors Degree in Supply Chain Management - A bachelors degree program with a specialization in supply chain management consists of general education courses in addition to courses that focus exclusively on logistics and supply chain management. Although accelerated and part-time programs are available, most bachelors programs take approximately four years to complete.Masters Degree in Supply Chain Management - A masters degree or MBA degree program in supply chain management usually consists of general business courses in addition to specialized courses in supply chain management. Masters program traditionally takes two years to complete; accelerated programs can usually be completed in less time.Doctorate Degree in Supply Chain Management - A doctorate program in supply chain management requires intense study and research. These programs usually take three to five years to complete, though program length can vary. An associates degree is sufficient for many entry-level supply chain management and logistician positions. However, a bachelors degree is becoming a more common requirement, especially for more advanced positions. A masters degree or MBA in supply chain management may be the best option for individuals interested in leadership positions. Earning a Supply Chain Management Degree Supply chain management degrees can be found through online and campus-based programs. Many business schools with an MBA program offer concentrations in supply chain management. Bachelors degree programs can also be found at a number of colleges and universities. The best supply chain and logistics programs  offer a targeted education, experienced faculty, and career assistance. Using Your Supply Chain Management Degree Many people who earn a supply chain management degree go on to oversee aspects of a supply chain. They may work for a specific company or firm or may be self-employed as a consultant. Popular positions for supply chain management graduates include: Logistician - Logisticians, or logistics managers as they are also known, are responsible for analyzing and coordinating a company’s supply chain. They manage nearly every aspect of the chain, including procurement of the product, distribution, allocation, and delivery. More than half of all logisticians work for the government or manufacturing firms.Supply Chain Analyst - Also known as project specialists or supply chain coordinators, supply chain analysts are responsible for monitoring, analyzing, and improving supply chain processes. They predict how logistics will work, oversee operations, and then make a recommendation to make everything better. Most supply chain analysts work for manufacturers or logistics services providers.Transportation Manager - Transportation managers oversee the loading, storage, and transportation of goods. Their main responsibility is to make sure things get where they need to go, but they are also responsible for controlling expenses and ensurin g transport operates within the law. Professional Associations Joining a professional organization is a good way to learn more about the field of supply chain management. As a member of an association, you can meet other people in the field and talk to them about their experiences. As you build your network, you may be able to find a mentor who can offer guidance as you earn your degree and enter the career field. Two professional associations that you may want to consider include: Council of Supply Chain Management - The Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals (CSCMP) is a professional association of supply chain management professionals. They offer education, news, career information, networking opportunities, and much more.APICS - APICS, the Association for Operations Management, offers certification programs for supply chain professionals. Certification options include the APICS Certified in Production and Inventory Management (CPIM) program, the APICS Certified Supply Chain Professional (CSCP) program, and the APICS Certified Fellow in Production and Inventory Management (CFPIM) program.

Price Discrimination essays

Price Discrimination essays Define, discuss, and account for the existence of price discrimination. Compare and exemplify the first, second, and third degrees of such discrimination. Price discrimination is the practice of setting different pricing formulas in different virtual markets, while still maintaining the same product throughout. The prices are based upon the price elasticity of demand in each given market. In more practical terms, that means that during Ladies Night at M.P. OReillys, it costs more for me to have a beer than if I were a female simply because this particular saloon sees fit to charge members of the female species less as a means to draw more such females to the establishment on such a night. Price discrimination is rampant in many areas of the commercial and business world. Movie theatres, magazines, computer software companies, and thousands of other entities have discounted prices for students, children, or the elderly. One important note, though, is that price discrimination is only present when the exact same product is sold to different people for different prices. First class vs. coach in an airline (though sometimes just differing in how many free drinks you can get) is not an example of price discrimination because the two tickets, though comparable, are not identical. Price discrimination is based upon the economic premise and practice of marginal analysis. This conceptualization deals specifically with the differences in revenue and costs as choices and/or decisions are made. A good example is illustrated in the textbook by the Hartford Shoe Company model. The most important portion of the model, however, is on page 201. Here, it is calculated that if the company raises the prices of the shoes from $60 to $65, their revenue and number of shoes sold will shrink...but their actual profit margin will raise slightly due to that higher profit margin more than just offsetting in the loss in s...

Lapses and Collapses

Lapses and Collapses Lapses and Collapses Lapses and Collapses By Mark Nichol This post lists and defines lapse and its family of related words that pertain to a passage of time or to falling. The words discussed below all derive ultimately from the Latin verb labi, meaning â€Å"fall,† â€Å"sink,† and â€Å"slip,† in addition to other related actions, by way of lapsus, meaning â€Å"falling† or â€Å"slipping† (figuratively or literally) or â€Å"passage of time† (from the sense of â€Å"gliding†). Lapse, as a verb, originally pertained merely to that last sense, but it later applied as well to something becoming invalid or void and acquired the additional meanings of â€Å"commit a sin† or â€Å"fail to retain religious faith.† As a noun, lapse means â€Å"decline† or â€Å"fall,† or â€Å"interval,† â€Å"interruption,† or â€Å"termination,† or it may refer to a mistake due to forgetfulness or inattention, or to abandoning one’s faith. The adjectival form is lapsed; the adjective labile once meant â€Å"prone to fail or fall,† but now it pertains to instability or propensity to change. (The adjective labial and other words pertaining to lips are unrelated.) Labefaction, meanwhile, is a rarely used word meaning â€Å"downfall† or â€Å"overthrow† in the sense of a weakening of civil order or moral principles. When time goes by, it is said to elapse. That word was at one time also a noun, but lapse has superseded it. In theology, several words with the root lapsarian pertain to various beliefs about the biblical account of the fall of humankind as told in the story of the Garden of Eden: postlapsarian (â€Å"after the fall†), prelapsarian (â€Å"before the fall†), sublapsarian (â€Å"under the fall,† which is also the translation of the synonym infralapsarian), and superlapsarian (â€Å"above the fall†). The verb collapse (literally, â€Å"fall together†) means â€Å"fall† or â€Å"fall apart,† â€Å"break down† or â€Å"lose effectiveness or significance,† or â€Å"fold down† or â€Å"give way† and as a noun refers to any of these actions. Something that can be collapsed, generally limited to the sense of â€Å"fold down,† is collapsible, and that quality is called collapsibility. When a body part falls or slips, it is said to prolapse (â€Å"fall forward†), and such an occurrence is a prolapse. A relapse (â€Å"fall again†), meanwhile, is an instance in which symptoms of a disease that had abated recur, and the word also serves as a verb. Lava is an unexpected cognate; the word describing magma, or molten rock, after it has surfaced from underground (in its molten state or after it has cooled and hardened) stems from lapsus by way of Italian. The adjective lavalike refers to something resembling the molten state. Lapidary, referring to cutting of gems and stones, is an unrelated word derived from lapis, the Latin word for â€Å"stone.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:When to use "on" and when to use "in"Hang, Hung, Hanged13 Theatrical Terms in Popular Usage

To assess the learner's critical engagement with the history and Assignment

To assess the learner's critical engagement with the history and theory of the documentary and non-fiction film form.--please - Assignment Example In 1929, John Grierson, termed as the documentary film movement's utmost champion, put into use his personal film portrait of North Sea fishing with the aim of convincing the government of British to inaugurate a filmmaking unit that will be positioned within the Empire Marketing Board. It is key to state that with Grierson precedence over an institutional foundation for documentary film production speared the documentary film practice into maturity (Sklar, 2002). Evaluation Documentary filmmaking has industrialized progressively over time. It is worth stating that three main turning points can be identified in the development of documentary film making. First, substantial changes took place in the 1960s, followed by the late 1980s and finally since the year 2000. The novel turning point can be highlighted to be the period when filmmakers declined to film simply chronicles and newsreels. It is worth highlighting that documentary filmmakers underwent harsh times as the film in ancient times were faithfully linked to the wishes of the government. However, regardless of this fact, a new generation of filmmakers germinated in the 1960s with an altered opinion on how documentary films ought to be. Therefore, this made the primary turning point for the development of documentary filmmaking. ... With the conceptual boundaries gone (as a result of worldwide independence), the possibility of acquaintance with other documentary film makers pegged with the availability of other documentaries resulted into exchange of ideas. The third turning point was noted to be the years subsequent to the new millennium (Ellis, 1979). This is for the reason that new generation of filmmakers appeared that were noted to be more daring and highly experimenting. Vitols writes that â€Å"the blossoming of a new film culture was also due to the advent of television which fundamentally altered the role of documentaries in society. Previously, documentaries functioned much like the radio and the press, offering audiences ‘objective’ information, striving to efface any traces of a subjective authorship. The arrival of television effectively transferred this task of ‘objective’ information communication to television broadcasting, largely due to the new medium’s cost-ef fectiveness and rapid dissemination. This freed documentary filmmakers to portray their subjects in depth in a more complex manner† (Vitols, 2008: 14–15). When relating documentary cinema in the era of 1960–70s, one has the possibility to find numerous similarities and differences. Referring to Kleckins, the western world upsurge in documentary film occurred principally as a result to the technical advances such as lightweight cameras and novel sound equipment. On the contrary, some other countries such as the Baltic States owe their upsurge in the documentary film industry predominantly to the new generation that joined the industry. This is because their technical resources failed to change for a given period of time (Hepple and Taylor, 1980). The thematic progress that

Migration between European countries and their former colonies Term Paper

Migration between European countries and their former colonies - Term Paper Example For migrants, there are rules that they were supposed to follow when in the nations they moved to in which they will also be discussed in the main paper. Generally. This paper will explain migration of the Europeans and their former colonies in details. Introduction Migration refers to the physical movement of individuals from one region to another. This paper will examine the migration between the Europeans countries and their former colonies. In this case, the form of migration undertaken is known as international migration. This refers to the movement of individuals across national borders with the view of remaining in the guest nation for at least one year. This means that citizens of various European countries moved from their motherlands, crossing the borders of other nations to settle there. There are various reasons as to why this migration took place and this is among the issues that will be discussed in the main body of the paper. The research that was carried out to find o ut the reasons why this migration was undertaken and various methodologies were implemented to make the research effective. The methodologies implemented in the research process will also be discussed in the main body of the paper to clearly show implementations used to gather the findings that were reached at the end. After the research, full information is gathered making it possible for the researchers to know why the European countries migrated to other nations and the impacts of this process. In this case, the impacts will also be put into consideration and discussed in details in the paper. These are generally the issues that this paper wishes to discuss in order to provide information of why how and the results of the migration process between the European counties and their former colonies. Literature review Research shows that the European region exhibited two different forms of migration patterns in the twentieth century. Within the first fifty years, Europe was involved i n emigration towards the New World, while the second half of the twentieth century involved immigration patterns. Immigration refers to the movement of people into a different nation in order to have their new settlement schemes there. This gives a clear impression that there are some of the European county citizens who moved to other nations for the purpose of settling there. Coleman explains that the diverse migration movements were undertaken due to a variety of factors. The factors that led to these migration movements include: termination of the cold war, the consolidation of Germany, decolonization, wars and political suppression and the considerable demand of law and unskilled laborers. These reasons give a clear impression that there are many factors that contributed to the migration movements of the European countries. They undertook this practice in order to avoid some problems and make their living standards better by settling in other areas (Coleman 54). The current migr ation movement pattern by the Europeans is due to different factors. These factors include: declining populations due to the higher number of ageing people compared to young people. This gives a clear impression that the economy of the various nations where movements take place has low development rates. This is major because the young people who are energetic enough to provide the required labor force for the

Dream Job Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Dream Job - Essay Example In fact, from my early childhood, I have cherished assisting my peers learn new or difficult things. I always seek to lead group discussions as this gives me an opportunity to exercise my love for teaching. Thus, this job would provide me with the opportunity to practice what I enjoy. My choice of university as a place to exercise my love for teaching follows my belief that institutions of higher learning provide greater challenge to the teacher than pre-university institutions. It would be useful to appreciate that the undergraduate and postgraduate students could have greater knowledge of what is being taught than the instructor. As such, I would constantly be seeking for knowledge, thus keeping me active in the academic field. Universities stand out as institutions of higher learning where there is access to resources required to gain further knowledge, thus an advantage I would utilize to increase my knowledge. Furthermore, the diversity in the university population bringing toge ther nearly every aspect of the international outlook would provide me with the opportunity for beneficial networking. It would also be useful to appreciate that the career is well paying, the Government of Canada citing 90.1% practitioners in the field earning an annual income of greater than $50,000. Therefore, there are many push and pull factors that inform my choice of university instructor as my dream job. Even so, to achieve my dream would require a lot of hard work in my academics. As noted by the Government of Canada, a doctorate in a field of instruction would be the minimum requirement for any university to admit me as an instructor despite the huge variation in the requirements from different universities. However, it gives relief to note that holders of Master’s degree could also be considered as long as they are pursuing their doctorate studies or holders of Bachelor’s degrees with extensive experience in the area of instruction. This means

English Law Position of the Hijab on Muslim Customary Laws Essay

English Law Position of the Hijab on Muslim Customary Laws - Essay Example Hijab comes from the Arabic word Hajaba, which means to hide or conceal from view. Generally, it refers to modest dressing for Islamic women. It is extended to mean privacy and modesty. Hijab is not just a piece of cloth on the head, but rather it is a way of life. Hijab requires much more than just covering the head. Hijab is the way you carry yourself, the way you talk, the way you walk. Hijab as a matter of fact is a whole way of life and hence an attitude in itself. For those who are non-Muslims, Hijab is mostly associated with a modest way of clothing that is worn by Muslim women. It is also called the headscarf and it is one of the most noticeable things of Muslim women. Hijab is a duty that is expected from all Muslims. Some Muslims see the concept of Hijab as being consistent and balanced with ideas of gender equality; others view the religious requirement on female covering as patriarchal, chauvinistic, and oppressive and an enforcement of women against their rights (Bahi, 2 008). The wearing of Hijab impacts on so many human rights issues both philosophical and practical and has much currency given recent events. The issue of Islamic dress is linked with immigration issues. The reasons given for prohibition vary but in most cases legal bans on face covering clothing are undertaken as an anti terrorism measure and is justified on security grounds. However there is public controversy which indicates the possibility of polarization between western European societies and the Muslims. In the year two thousand and six, the then British Prime Minister Mr. Tony Blair described it as a mark of separation (Werner, 2011). Terrorism is the criminal enactment or acts expected or ascertained to incite a state of fear in the overall population. It’s an aggregation of persons or specific persons for political purposes and such gestures are in any circumstances outlandish whatever the contemplations of a political, philosophical, ideological, ethnic, racial, religious or other nature that may be conjured to support them. In virtually every corner of the world we can say that the human cost of terrorism has been felt. Terrorism has a very direct and real impact on human rights. Its consequences are very devastating in regards to liberty, physical integrity of victims and enjoyment of the right to life. Terrorism has the ability to undermine civil society, threaten social and economic development, jeopardize peace and security and destabilize governments. An individual’s security is a basic human right and thus the protection of the individuals is considered a fundamental obligation of the government (Macmillan, 2010). States therefore are obligated to uphold human rights of their citizens and others by taking positive measures to keep them safe from terrorists and their threats and bring such perpetrators to justice. Lately however the measures to counter terrorist acts have by states have been challenging to the rule of law and human right s .The bedrock of fighting terrorism should be the respect for the rule of law and human rights. The development of national counter terrorism strategies whose aim is to prevent the acts of terror, prosecute the perpetrators and offer protection of human rights and the rule of law is a major requirement. This implies measures to address the drivers to motivation of terrorism. Terrorism threatens the security and dignity of human beings everywhere, takes innocent lives, endangers lives, and creates an environment that destroys the freedom since the people are in fear. Through acts of terror, fundamental freedom is jeopardized and there is destruction of human rights. It undermines the pluralistic civil society, affects the rule of law and its establishment and it has the ability to destabilize governments that are legitimately constituted. Research shows that terrorism has links with organized crime that is transnational, drug

Snyder v. Phelps Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Snyder v. Phelps - Assignment Example Therefore, the congregation picketed in military funerals to demonstrate their beliefs. On this occasion, Phelps led his flock to picket at Marine Lance Corporal Matthew Snyder’s funeral. He died while in battle in Iraq in 2006. Through the event, protesters displayed placards with thematic messages like, acknowledging God for 9/11 event, thanking God for the death of the soldier and asking the public not to pray for America. Furthermore, church members recounted Bible verses and resonated hymns. Snyder later sued Phelps and the church on the basis that their actions caused him severe emotional distress. However, Phelps defended and sought protection of the Free Speech Clause of the First Amendment to the Constitution. Bhakhama (2012) affirms that the case took an interesting twist as jury in Maryland settled the claims and awarded Snyder a reasonable compensation. However, the Supreme Court reversed the decision in favor of the church because the protestors addressed Americans fate, homosexuality, and moral conduct. In justification of the decision, the Supreme Court emphasized that First Amendment offered exceptional shield for speech on civic issues. Hence, the court maintained that Westboro Baptist Church members who picketed adjacent to the funeral site expressed legal acts. Thus, the demonstrators’ engaged in accordance with provisions of state-law. On the contrary, the church never committed purposeful cause of emotional misery, meddling, and civil intrigue. Fighting words doctrine comprised of speeches with a possibility to make a recipient commit an act of violence. However, First Amendment never prohibits expression of similar speeches especially when addressing common concerns, yet opposes subset of abusive words and violence. Thus, this is a personal analysis and thoughts about application of the doctrine in relation Chaplinsky versus New Hampshire. Generally, the Supreme Court’s verdict presented a major dilemma. Critics still argue

English Law Position of the Hijab on Muslim Customary Laws Essay

English Law Position of the Hijab on Muslim Customary Laws - Essay Example Hijab comes from the Arabic word Hajaba, which means to hide or conceal from view. Generally, it refers to modest dressing for Islamic women. It is extended to mean privacy and modesty. Hijab is not just a piece of cloth on the head, but rather it is a way of life. Hijab requires much more than just covering the head. Hijab is the way you carry yourself, the way you talk, the way you walk. Hijab as a matter of fact is a whole way of life and hence an attitude in itself. For those who are non-Muslims, Hijab is mostly associated with a modest way of clothing that is worn by Muslim women. It is also called the headscarf and it is one of the most noticeable things of Muslim women. Hijab is a duty that is expected from all Muslims. Some Muslims see the concept of Hijab as being consistent and balanced with ideas of gender equality; others view the religious requirement on female covering as patriarchal, chauvinistic, and oppressive and an enforcement of women against their rights (Bahi, 2 008). The wearing of Hijab impacts on so many human rights issues both philosophical and practical and has much currency given recent events. The issue of Islamic dress is linked with immigration issues. The reasons given for prohibition vary but in most cases legal bans on face covering clothing are undertaken as an anti terrorism measure and is justified on security grounds. However there is public controversy which indicates the possibility of polarization between western European societies and the Muslims. In the year two thousand and six, the then British Prime Minister Mr. Tony Blair described it as a mark of separation (Werner, 2011). Terrorism is the criminal enactment or acts expected or ascertained to incite a state of fear in the overall population. It’s an aggregation of persons or specific persons for political purposes and such gestures are in any circumstances outlandish whatever the contemplations of a political, philosophical, ideological, ethnic, racial, religious or other nature that may be conjured to support them. In virtually every corner of the world we can say that the human cost of terrorism has been felt. Terrorism has a very direct and real impact on human rights. Its consequences are very devastating in regards to liberty, physical integrity of victims and enjoyment of the right to life. Terrorism has the ability to undermine civil society, threaten social and economic development, jeopardize peace and security and destabilize governments. An individual’s security is a basic human right and thus the protection of the individuals is considered a fundamental obligation of the government (Macmillan, 2010). States therefore are obligated to uphold human rights of their citizens and others by taking positive measures to keep them safe from terrorists and their threats and bring such perpetrators to justice. Lately however the measures to counter terrorist acts have by states have been challenging to the rule of law and human right s .The bedrock of fighting terrorism should be the respect for the rule of law and human rights. The development of national counter terrorism strategies whose aim is to prevent the acts of terror, prosecute the perpetrators and offer protection of human rights and the rule of law is a major requirement. This implies measures to address the drivers to motivation of terrorism. Terrorism threatens the security and dignity of human beings everywhere, takes innocent lives, endangers lives, and creates an environment that destroys the freedom since the people are in fear. Through acts of terror, fundamental freedom is jeopardized and there is destruction of human rights. It undermines the pluralistic civil society, affects the rule of law and its establishment and it has the ability to destabilize governments that are legitimately constituted. Research shows that terrorism has links with organized crime that is transnational, drug

Criminal Punishment in American Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Criminal Punishment in American Society - Essay Example Other societies, mostly the dictatorial ones, do not take the criminal to the court. The criminal is punished arbitrarily. A prisoner, or the criminal, has his rights that are protected under the constitution. These rights should not be taken away from him, regardless of the fact that he has broken a law. The constitution of America has undergone many amendments since its inception. The first ten amendments that took place are referred to as the bill of rights (Todd et al 67). Contained within these ten amendments are the rights that should be enjoyed by a prisoner (Todd et al 67). These amendments took pace at the same time. They were put forward on September twenty fifth, 1789 (Todd et al 67). In their book "American Corrections", Todd et al identify two amendments that relates to the right of the prisoner and his relationship with the correctional institution. The eighth amendment is such one amendment that the book talks about. The amendment was carried out in the year 1791. It covers cruel and unusual punishments meted out to the prisoner. It says, in part ".excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted" (Todd et al, 2000). This amendment still inf... This amendment still influences the relationship between the prisoner and the correctional institution. The institution holding the prisoner should not treat him using inhuman techniques like electric shocks, lashing or food rationing. The courts should not issue an excessive punishment to the prisoner. The punishment should be in line with the crime committed. For example, a prisoner cannot be issued with a death sentence for pick pocketing. Unusual punishments should not be meted out to the prisoner by the incarcerating institution. Some authorities have been known to sexually abuse and harass the inmates. For instance, the united states have been accused of castrating prisoners taken in the Iraq war. Inhumane acts have been committed to terrorist suspects in the now defunct gutaenamo bay prison. It thus altered how the prisoners related with the correctional institutions. They are respected and treated as human beings not like animals. The prisoners are not given punishments like hard labor. As a result of this amendment, living conditions in the holding institutions are periodically checked to ensure that the prisoner is not under any threat as far as his human rights are concerned. The Fourteenth Amendment and Right S of the Prisoner Another amendment that touches on the rights of the prisoner as identified in this book is amendment number 14. It states in part that ".no state shall deprive any citizen of life, liberty or property.without due process of the law" (Todd et al, 2000). What this means is that a prisoner who is a citizen of the country should be taken to court before he is punished. The due process been referred to means alignment in court and sentencing by the court. The prison should not incarcerate an inmate,

Changes of several household chemicals Essay Example for Free

Changes of several household chemicals Essay REACTIONS OF SUCROSE WITH WATER AND HEAT Mixture/Solution Process Observations Sand, salt and water none -salt dissolves in water -some san   particles settle at bottom, others float in suspension -mixture is murky Sand, salt and water filtration -residue is sand -filtrate is salt water Salt water evaporation -solute is salt -solvent is water -water evaporates -salt is left in dish -salt is white forming a layer or crust. OBSERVATIONS OF THE MIXTURE AND SEPARATION OF SALT, SAND AND WATER Residue/Solute Observations Sand (residue) -brown color -large and small particle sizes moist -grain-like composition Salt (solute) -white color -tiny particle sizes -particles sticked together to form crust -dry -crystal-like composition COMPARISON OF SALT SOLUTE AND SAND RESIDUE Compound Condition Change Silver Nitrate Dark (locker) None Silver Nitrate. Exposed to light -turned copper brown color -black edges around brown -paper was dry REACTIONS OF SILVER NITRATE IN LIGHT AND DARK CONDITIONS Compounds Change after grinding Change with magnet Iron filings and Sulphur powder poweders mix together turns olive green color iron filings attract to magnet sulphur poweder remains unchanged OBSERVATIONS OF IRON FILINGS AND SULPHUR POWDER AFTER GRINDING AND MAGNET ATTRACTION DISCUSSION: In this lab the physical and chemical properties of given substances were investigated along with the determination of chemical/physical changes observed in certain mixtures. Separating methods were also used to separate certain mixtures. As a result, these three objectives were completed successfully. In the first experiment, a 2cm magnesium ribbon was added to 4ml 3M of hydrochloric acid. The resulting reaction caused the mixture to fizz and dissolved the magnesium strip. This was found to be a chemical change due tot eh fact that an acid (HCl) reacted with a metal (Mg). From the reaction the magnesium dissolved due to the production of hydrogen (white gas visible) in the test tube; moreover, the magnesium was converted into aqueous magnesium chloride and thus no solid was visible after the reaction. The second experiment, in which 2 test tubes were filled with sucrose, one also with water and the other heated, showed two distinct characteristics of table sugar. When water and the sucrose were stirred it was observed that the sucrose molecules dissolved into the water. This physical change occurred due tot eh fact that the sugar, acting as a solute, dissolved into the solvent, water, in turn forming a homogenous mixture that was uniform throughout. Also, the fact that no chemical means is needed to separate such a solution proves that it was a physical change occurring. Secondly, when the sucrose was heated it was observed that after a certain amount of time, the sucrose melted and turned color. This was due tot eh fact that sucrose has a low melting point and it reached this point in the experiment thus causing it to change state. This was seen as a physical change as well due to the fact that the identity of sucrose was not changed chemically, only its state. As the third experiment was conducted, a mixture of sand, salt and water was combined and separated to observe any sort of change. When the three substances were combined it was found that the salt dissolved in the water while the sand remained the same. The salt again, acted as a solute and the water as a solvent thus producing a homogenous solution and a physical change in the salt; however, because the sand did not dissolve into the water, it was concluded that the sand particles floating in the water formed a suspension (mixture in which each substance keeps its own identity and characteristics). When filtration was performed the sand was left on the filter paper a residue while the filtrate of salt water was found in the beaker. The sand particles were too large to fit in the spaces of the filter paper and thus could not pass into the beaker, but the filtrate of salt and water, because it was a liquid solution, it passed with ease. After evaporation was complete, the solvent was evaporated and only the salt was left in the dish. This was so because the water had a lower boiling point that salt and thus evaporated into the atmosphere and left the salt to collect in the dish. This was found to be another physical change due tot eh fact that salt was returned to its original state. The next experiment involved the reaction of silver nitrate with both light and dark conditions. The silver nitrate in the dark did not show any change at all, but the one exposed to sunlight showed significant chemical change. The fact that it turned copper brown and black edges proved that silver nitrate is very sensitive to light. Because the light hit the silver nitrate it reacted with positive silver ions reducing them to silver metal. This caused the darkened areas on the paper that were observed. Lastly, when iron filings and sulphur powder were mixed it produced an olive green powder. This physical change occurred due to the fact that there was no reaction between sulphur and iron filings thus both remained unchanged but mixed. When the magnet was passed over the powder all iron filings, due to their metallic attraction to magnetic fields, all iron filings attached themselves to the magnet leaving only sulphur powder again. Sources of error may have included the fact that the wafting of certain substances for odors were faulty in the view that the scent was so mild it could not be detected easily with olfactory senses; moreover the actual process or reaction of silver nitrate with light was not observed in step by step detail resulting in some uncertainty or poor clarity in results. Nevertheless, the conclusions were reliable due to the fact that each experiment was carried out in a systematic and precise way. Also, the fact that all results matched theoretic values and prior knowledge of the reactions occurring proved their acceptability in the lab. CONCLUSION: All objectives were achieved successfully as several experiments were conducted to prove their reactions and changes. The first reaction with baking soda and vinegar was a chemical change due to the fact that the solution fizzed forming a new one and gas evolved thus outing the splint. The second reaction of HCl and Mg was chemical as well because magnesium dissolved and hydrogen gas evolved (both results of a chemical reaction between magnesium and HCl). The third conclusion drawn was the fact that sucrose mixed with water was a physical change. This was so because even though the sucrose dissolved it did not change chemically and could have been separated from the water back to its original form; moreover, when sucrose was heated it was another physical change as it changed state but remained the same compound, sucrose. Physical changes were also observed in the sand, salt and water mixture. The salt was ultimately extracted from the water through evaporation proving it was a physical change. After this, when the silver nitrate was placed in the sunlight a chemical change occurred as light reacted with silver ions thus changing the color of silver nitrate. Lastly, a final physical change was observed in the grinding of iron filings and sulphur powder because when the magnet attracted iron filings it showed that the iron did not change its identity but only mixed in with the sulphur powder. Anuar Flores CHE 124-1 Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Patterns of Behaviour section.

Save Water And Save The Future Environmental Sciences Essay

Save Water And Save The Future Environmental Sciences Essay The above mentioned title would look old fashioned and well known but if you look in to this  ­Ã‚ ­issue you would understand how true i am and how serious the issue is? Water is essential for maintaining healthy Environments and for social and economic development. As population increases and development seeks for increased proportions of surface water and ground water for the agriculture industrial sectors and domestic sectors the pressure on water resources intensifies, which leads in excessive pressure on the environment , conflicts among users and tensions. Due to increase in demand and dissipated use and due to continuous increase in the population brought about stress in fresh water resources. Do you believe a fact By 2025, 1 800 million people will be living in countries or regions with absolute water scarcity, and two-thirds of the world population could be under stress conditions. About 20% of the worlds population live in countries where there is a scarcity of water and they are unable to access natural water source. At present 2.6 billion lack access to proper sanitation and 1.1 billion people lack access to safe water. In both developed and developing countries climate change is affecting water resources which may cause different types of diseases. A country with increasing threat to its water supply is known as water stressed. By 2025 about 1800 million people will be living in countries or regions with absolute water scarcity, and two-thirds of the world population could be under stress conditions. Some of the facts to be taken note here and why we have a responsibility to act? 1.70%of the worlds surface is covered by water out of which 97.5% of ihis is salt water. Of the remaining 2.5% that is fresh water 68.7% isfrozen in ice caps and glaciers while only 1% of the total resources on earth are available for human use. 2. On an average a Canadian uses 326 liters a day while a person in Saharan Africa uses about 10-20 liters a day. 3.Out of the discharges that are deign dumped in to the water 90% is from sewage and 70% is from industries polluting the usable water supply . 4. . in developed countries 30% of fresh water supplies are lost due to leakage and the loss may run to a high of 40% to 70% in some cities. 5. Canada controls about 20%of the earths fresh water. Distribution of Earths Water soursource : http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/waterdistribution.html Coming in to the real time scenario I would take one of the major cities like Mumbai that would justify my statement here you can see how water plays an important role day todays human life. Mumbais Water Supply If Mumbai British Administrators has not seriously about the agitation over drinking water problem in 1845 perhaps, would have been as stressed for water as Chennais people are now Like Chennai, Mumbai would also depended on wells and ponds/lakes for its water supply. Due to increase in population ingress of seawater and depletion of ground water sources has been caused in Chennai. Mumbais major water bodies with in the catchment Water resources in Vaitarna River basin and Ulhas River basins have been identified as there will be an increase in population in the coming years. take the. The plan for Middle Vaitarna is at an advanced stage and a dam will be constructed at a cost of Rs1, 250crore to avail 455mld water. Middle Vaitarna, Gargai and Pinjal are gravity sources, whereas the Ulhas river basin sources will need pumping water adding to the cost; 5,108hectares will be submerged, while people of 19 villages will be affected. Before Independence, Tansa was the major source which runs along Bombay-Agra road. After independence, water supply to Malabar Hill Reservoir and Bhandarwada Reservoir increased as a tunnel was built between vaitarana and tansa, while the remaining areas are served from the major water bodies. Domestic Water Consumption Shows the average requirement of water in terms of litres per consumer per day lpcd Purpose Maximum Average Minimum Drinking,cookingdish washing 50 40 30 Bathing 50 25 15 Toilet flushing 50 40 30 Washing clothes 50 20 15 Cleaning Gardening 25 10 Car washing 5 TOTAL 230 135 90 Source : http://www.bcpt.org.in/webadmin/publications/pubimages/watersupply.pdf Obstacles in the systems There was a problem with the water supply though it was laid successfully due to mismanagement and unaccounted amount of water supply. Moreover, metering errors, low tax rates, billing mistakes and low recovery rate burden the system. Also, incentives should be offered through rebates on advanced payments, conservation practices such as rainwater harvesting and water recycling. Mumbai: Water Tariff Structure Category Water charges (Rs/1000 Litres) Domestic Stand Post BuildingChawls 2.25 3.50 Halls, Hospitals, Playgrounds, Swimming Pools etc 10.50 Industries, Dhobi Ghats, Government Premises, etc. 18.00 Refineries, Airports, Public Sector Undertakings, etc. 25.00 Race course and Hotels 38.00 Sewerage charges are at 60% of water charges source : http://www.bcpt.org.in/webadmin/publications/pubimages/watersupply.pdf There was an increase in population by about 11 millions from 1948 till now, which increased the water supply by five times during these five decades .By 2021there will be a further increase in population by 25 % and potential to supplement water supply is more than double which can be achieved by developing sources in Vaitarna and Ulhas river basins. But these are costly propositions both in human and environmental terms and financially. For Mumbais luxurious need of water, is it fair to displace people from eight villages in Vaitarna and 19 villages in Ulhas river basins and submerge some 9,000hectares of fertile land as well as cause environmental degradation? Instead, can we look at alternatives Water is highly vulnerable to air, ground and land water pollution , not only in the form of diffuse source pollution, but also point source ,waste disposal to air or soil in a variety of forms, such as effluent irrigation, dumping, mining wastes or gaseous emissions. Major pressures on water use Growing population, urbanisation, deforestation, global warming, climatic changes, pollution, rapid industrialisation, droughts and floods are some reasons of the increased pressure on the existing water bodies. Then, there are other factors like poor management of water supply, unending exploitation of resources, massive wastage etc. Population expansion is the single biggest reason behind the increased pressure on fresh water resources Industrial and agriculture-related pollution is another prime contributor. Millions of tons of waste are being disposed everyday into the lakes, rivers and streams polluting whatever little water we have, making them unfit for human consumption. The growing urbanisation has also increased the pressure on our towns and cities, in which around 48 per cent of the worlds population lives, amounting to almost half of the worlds total water consumption. The bhatsa lake which is located in Thane district, is one of the major source of drinking water to Mumbai. In an incident about 700 kg of dead fish were found floating in the lake . Initially the authorities blamed it on local residents for poisoning the lake water to catch fish. But later tests by Mumbai-based Central Institute of Fisheries Education showed high levels of oil and grease effluents in the water. Local residents say the waste oil has been released by Shahpur-based Liberty Oil Mills Ltd. Source : http://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/Crisis/Industrial-pollution.htm Report on Mithi River Water Pollution by Klean Environmental Consultants Pvt Ltd. Major Pressures on water quality Water quality will also worsen with increasing water temperatures and pollution levels. The report positions 122 countries based on their ability to improve the situation and quality of their water . Because of the low quantity and quality of its groundwater which is further combined with heavy industrial pollution and poor treatment of wastewater Belgium is considered as worst . It is followed by 1.Morocco,2. India, 3. Jordan ,4. Sudan , 5. Niger, 6. Burkina Faso, 7.Burundi , 8. Central African Republic and 9. Rwanda. The list of countries with the best water quality is lead by Finland followed by 2.Canada, 3. New Zealand , 4. United Kingdom , 5.Japan , 6.Norway, 7. Russian Federation , 8. Republic of Korea , 9.Sweden and 10.France. Problem faced by the poor in gaining access to water is one of the major concerns in water resource management related to increasing population . By pollution of existing water bodies by industries, poor drainage and runoff from the indiscriminate use of fertilizer and pesticides are further aggravating the problem .water has been found to be the second most important income generator after land. These environmental changes have put the rural poor in disadvantaged positions Major health-related environmental concerns also include , A high population density in rural areas leads to degradation and violation of natural habitats, the rate of population increase in urban areas outstrips attempts to improve provisions for water supply and sanitation. After all discussions one can make note there must be proper realistic efforts and remedies to be taken by everyone to prevent this problem Rain Water Harvesting Ground Water Use Earlier, rainwater was the main source of water supply and it was collected in tanks. People used to measure the height of collected rainwater in the tank and accordingly decide how much to draw from it to make it last over the year now, with piped water supply, this traditional way of conservation of water has been forgotten. Mumbai was blessed with number of tanks like Mumba Devi, Manamala, Babula, Govalia, Gilder, Banganga, etc. Old methods of rainwater harvesting are restored  ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­, perhaps, there will be no need for future water supply schemes on Vaitarna and Ulhas river basins. There are many other benefits from rainwater harvesting. The groundwater table will rise, water quality will improve, salinity in water will reduce, cracks in the buildings will be minimised, etc. Rainwater harvesting by capturing runoff from the rooftops / terraces and surrounding surface water will not only increase ground water recharge and stop ingress of sea water but will get Mumbai out of its monsoon floods problem. Water harvesting in Mumbai will reduce storm water discharge as well as reduce the load of sewerage treatment, thus controlling the dreadful monsoon floods. Rainwater can be stored in tanks or can be recharged into the groundwater. Desalination Mumbai can make use of abundant availability of seawater, desalinate for potable water and thus, augment water supply instead of going in for complex method of constructing dams reservoirs and supporting that system Water Recycling About 80% of distributed water is discharged as wastewater. If a part of wastewater is treated and re-used, it can cover the projected demand deficiency An example of water recycling can be seen at Chatrapati Shivaji Terminus of the Central Railway which set up a water recycling plant of 0.2million capacity in 1999 at a cost of Rs24lakh The used water is collected and treated for cleaning concrete aprons of the railway platforms thus saving potable water. Water Conservation About 71% of the earths surface is covered with water but 97% of this is seawater, 2% is locked in polar ice caps and glaciers and hardly 1% of water is available as freshwater. Hence, we need to conserve every drop of water. We have got to develop the habit of using less water and stopping wasteful and luxurious use of water Ideally, therefore, the housing complexes should have proper rain water harvesting system and draw groundwater for non-drinking purposes. Even if water from bore-wells is used for toilet flushing (50lpcd) and cleaning (10lpcd), the load on the piped water supply will come down to 50%. This means that the same piped water supply will be sufficient for double the population. Recycling of the water used for washing is possible by re-using it for watering the garden, further bringing down the load on the overworked system. Desalination of sea water will obliterate the need to set up newer projects that require transporting water from 100km at a high capital cost; it will also make that resource available to other needy water scarce areas.

How To Write A Great Report :: Report Writing

How To Write A Great Report 1. Plan the report. ï  ± Select an idea or topic for your report. ï  ± Gather information for your report. ï  ± Identify the information you want to include in your report. Remember you should have at least three ways to support the main idea of your report. Include details and specific information that will help you make your point. ï  ± Write a draft. ï  ± Review what you have written. Try reading the report out loud. It can help you catch mistakes. ï  ± Check spelling and punctuation. Each sentence should begin with a capital letter and end with a period, question mark, or exclamation mark. ï  ± Create the final report. 2. Add interest. ï  ± Use graphs and charts to illustrate an idea. ï  ± Include a picture, photo, drawing, or map. ï  ± Find a quotation, and use it to make your point. 3. Make every word count.

Explanatory Concepts in Political Science Essay

Since 1979 there have been dramatic changes in both the structure and organisation of the Labour Party. In part, this was in response to their failure to win a general election between 1979 and 1997. However, the change goes much further than that and can be perceived as a reflection of the continued struggle between ideologies of different factions within the party. This essay will first try to establish what ‘Old’ Labour was and what it stood for. Then, scrutinising ‘New’ Labour, this essay will discus if, how and why the Labour Party changed and identify the key differences between ‘old’ and ‘new’ Labour. The Labour Party was initially established as a party to represent the newly enfranchised working class in Parliament. Growing out of the Labour Representation Committee (LRC), the party owed its existence to various trade union and socialist organisations. Consequently, right from its inauguration, the party’s primary purpose was to elect MP’s that would represent the interests of the unions. Although ostensibly not a committed socialist party, by 1918, the party had included Clause 4 in its election manifesto, the principle of public ownership which committed the party to nationalising land, coal mining, the electricity industry and the railways as well as declaring their intention to make rates of taxation steeply progressive to fund a major extension of education and social services.[1] Labour soon overtook the Liberals in popularity and rose to be the principle opposition for the Conservatives, forming three governments between 1926 and 1945. Post-war Labour fundamentally recognised the relationship between state and society in Britain and introduced a number of reforms in education, social security and welfare in an attempt to lay the foundations for a new, more caring society. The post-war Atlee government sent Labour on a trajectory towards socialism with commitments to economic planning in an attempt to reduce unemployment, a mixed public and private sector economy and a comprehensive welfare system which was endorsed by successive Labour and Conservative governments until 1979 when Thatcherism ideology took over. During this time Labour was widely perceived as being orientated towards a socialist perspective as the government took responsibility for unemployment, healthcare and housing. After Labour’s defeat by the Conservatives in the elections of 1979, the party went through a period of considerable internal turmoil that ultimately resulted in extensive reform of the structure and organisation of the Labour Party. Since 1979, there have been three distinct phases of change as ‘Old’ Labour became ‘New’. These can be defined as The Bennite challenge, Modernisation and New Labour. The first phase of this, the Bennite challenge led by Tony Benn attempted to redress the balance of power within the party. Aided by the leaders of some major trade unions at a special party conference in 1981, the party’s left wing activists succeeded in forcing through a number of internal organizational reforms that enhanced the power of grass-roots activists and trade unions in the selection of parliamentary candidates and party leaders. This change meant that ‘the party would now be committed to bringing about a fundamental and irreversible shift of power and wealth towards working people and their families’[2]. In response, a number of leading parliamentarians and supporters seceded from Labour and founded the Social Democratic Party in 1981. Labour presented a radical manifesto that proposed extensive nationalization of industry, economic planning, unilateral nuclear disarmament, and the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Economic Community. The result was Labour’s worst national electoral defeat in more than 50 years. It was after this defeat that modernisation took place under the new leader of the Labour Party, Neil Kinnock, a politician who, despite his leftist credentials set about re-establishing Labour as a credible national electoral force. Kinnock’s â€Å"modernisation† process towards the beginnings of a ‘New Labour’ contributed to Labour’s electoral revival after the trauma of 1983. As well as explicitly rejecting nationalisation as a tool or goal of economic policy, Kinnock ‘set out to crush the revolutionary left by launching a series of expulsions of supporters of the Militant Tendency’[3] but it was not sufficient to deprive the Conservatives of their governing majorities in the general elections of 1987 and 1992. By the time that Blair took the Labour Party leadership in 1994, the leadership had reasserted its authority having introduced significant organisational reforms which broadened and centralised the decision making process within the party as well as removing all trace of links with Marxist socialist ideology. Traditionally, there had been a strong socialist link with the Labour Party through Clause 4. Despite opposition from many of the Old Labour leaders, the rank and file of the party was insistent on maintaining its Socialist roots right up to the 1990’s. In stark contrast to the rest of Europe, which by 1980 had largely rejected a fully-fledged socialist ideology, Labour maintained Clause 4 that sought to maintain its ideology of socialism and nationalisation. Clause 4 of the Labour Party’s constitution was an integral part of the party’s philosophy and ideology as it marked the party as ardently socialist. Clause 4 is as follows; â€Å"To Secure for the workers by hand or by brain the full fruits of their industry and the most equitable distribution thereof that may be possible up the basis of the common ownership of the means of production, distribution and exchange, and the best obtainable system of popular administration and control of each industry or service.†[4] The clause is clearly anti-capitalist and commits to replacing capitalism with a system of social ownership, justice and planning where more control is given to ‘the workers’. Dearlove and Saunders propose that in practise, Old Labour was happy to accept a capitalist economic order although they sought limited social ownership through nationalisation, limited redistribution or wealth and income through taxation and welfare and limited planni ng through national agencies. In practise then, Dearlove and Saunders suggest that Labour should have been considered as a ‘social democratic’ party rather than actively pursuing its formal socialist objectives. Following the election of Tony Blair in 1994 as leader of the Labour party, the party saw a series of programmatic and organisational changes; the party systematically reviewed its policies so as to re-embrace the mixed economy in the tradition of the revisionists of the 1950s. Labour had consistently struggled to fully implement socialism, and reject the capitalist system because of what many critics believed to be a lack of a proper plan of how to implement their socialist ideology and replace the capitalist system. Blair took the modernisation of the party to a new level, adopting the American idea of rebranding the party as ‘new’. The slogan, ‘New Labour, New Britain’ was unveiled and stuck as the new party name. Blair believed that the Left had to ‘modernise or die.’ [5] With the rejection of Clause 4, Blair and the modernisers showed little respect for Old Labour’s sacred cows; â€Å"state ownership, economic planning, Keynesian de mand management, full employment, tax-and-spend welfarism and close links with the trade unions†[6] and brought Labour back to win the next General election. New Labour is itself a contested term. There is much debate as to what exactly it means. Michael Freeden suggests that the ‘ideological map’ of New Labour is â€Å"†¦located somewhere between the three great Western ideological traditions – liberalism, conservatism and socialism – though it is not equidistant from them all.†[7] Some suggest ‘New’ Labour is nothing but a marketing ploy and product of Alistair Campbell’s PR campaign for Labour in an attempt to win votes. During the 1997 election campaign, the Conservatives tried to convince voters that New Labour was simply ‘Old’ Labour in disguise using the ‘New Labour, New Danger’ slogan. Some political scientists, notably Driver and Martell assert that the political positioning of ‘New’ Labour is nothing more than Liberal Conservatism. They would argue that ‘New Labour’ is simply an extension of Thatcherism inasmuch as it is no different from Thatcherite attempts to blend traditional conservative and classical liberal principles. Pointing to Conservative prescriptions regarding education, the family and welfare, they assert that ‘New Labour’ is simply a progression of Thatcherism. Blair sees ‘New Labour’ as a new means to an old end, believing that the party has the same values yet is using new ways to achieve these aims. Apart from the rejection of Clause 4, how then is ‘New’ Labour different from ‘Old’ Labour? Dearlove and Saunders regard ‘New Labour’ to be Liberal Socialism. New Labour has rejected its classed based socialism in exchange for what many believe to be ethical socialism which has been largely influenced by Blair’s own Christian beliefs and the Labour ‘tradition of self help and mutual aid. Dennis and Halsey have defined ethical socialism as ‘a moral community in which freedom is gained for every member through the sharing of what they have, in equal mutual respect for the freedom of all’. Where Thatcher ‘sought to temper the free market individualism of neo-liberalism with an emphasis on traditional conservative values’ Blair has tried to temper the individualism of neo-liberalism with traditional ethical socialist values of equality, fraternity, self improvement and moral rectitude, in an attempt to amalgama te neo-liberal economics and socialist ethics. Whereas ‘Old Labour’ had been based on the big ideas of socialism and collectivism for the advancement of the working class, ‘New’ Labour attempts to reconstruct the state with more democracy and individual responsibility based on ‘co-operative self-help’ and the idea of communitarianism whereby individuals have a responsibility to help themselves and those immediately around them in their community. There is a new emphasis on social cohesion and ‘New’ Labour’s attempts to repair the social fabric of society. ‘New’ Labour is attempting to maintain the dynamic, innovative and efficient aspects and advantages of a liberalised economy whilst trying to avoid the inimical and often inevitable social fragmentation. One aspect of this is the shift from the ‘Old’ Labour stance on providing a large welfare state as a means of creating a more egalitarian society to ‘New’ Labour’s smaller we lfare state which is based on the principle of ‘hand up, not hand-out’ and the idea that the community and the individual should exist for each other’s benefit. The Ethical Socialist ideals are further perpetuated with ‘New’ Labour’s belief in stakeholder capitalism – the idea that every citizen must be included in the society they live in by being made to feel they have a long term stake in it using the idea of the welfare state and universal provision of services such as healthcare and education. Unlike ‘Old’ Labour’s focus on the interests and needs of the working classes, the trade unions and the poor, ‘New’ Labour concerns itself with the interests of consumers, especially middle Britain and a new deal for citizens. Anthony Giddens argues that this is largely in response to the impact of ‘post-materialism’. This idea asserts, â€Å"after a certain level of prosperity has been reached, voters become concerned less with economic issues than with the quality of their lives.†[8] In order to get the middle England vote, New Labour needed to accommodate for these voters. Giddens also suggests New Labour’s shift is a reflection of class dealignment and the decline of the blue collar, working class which meant Labour could no longer rely on a consistent ‘class bloc’ to vote for them. ‘New’ Labour has largely rejected a Keynesian style economy using demand management style that had been characteristic of ‘Old’ Labour. ‘New’ Labour has also rejected its former ideology of nationalised industry and public ownership replacing this with a much more free market approach and even privatisation of some former publicly owned services such as the London Underground. To argue that there are no discernable differences between ‘Old’ and ‘New’ Labour would be both naà ¯ve and crass. Like most political parties, since its inception, Labour has evolved, changing both its organisation and ideology to reflect changes in society and voters needs. The gap between the Left and Right has significantly narrowed with ‘New’ Labour policy and there are undeniable elements of Thatcherism in ‘New’ Labour although it is certainly not merely an extension of this. Perhaps the most significant change to ‘New’ Labour, the amendment of Clause 4, can be attributed to class dealignment and the decline of the working class that has shifted Labour far away from its socialist and nationalising policies that used to provide the core of its ideology. ‘New’ Labour no longer seeks to nationalise and plan but rather prefers equality of opportunity rather than outcome. ‘New’ Labour is no l onger the preserve of the socialist working class; it has been transformed into a party for middle England as much as the workers. [1] John Dearlove and Peter Saunders – Introduction to British Politics 3rd Edition, Polity 2000 p.394 [2] ibid p.397 [3] John Dearlove and Peter Saunders – Introduction to British Politics 3rd Edition, Polity 2000 p.402 [4] The former ‘Clause 4’ of the Labour Party constitution [5] Tony Blair, speech to the Part of European Socialists’ Congress, Malmo, 6 June 1997 [6] Stephen Driver and Luke Martell – New Labour, Politics after Thatcherism 1998 Polity, p.12 [7] Michael Freeden – The Ideology of New Labour – Political Quarterly 70 (1999) p.48 [8] Anthony Giddens – The Third Way: The Renewal of Democracy Polity p.19

Talking Styles

Ashley Broadway COM 200 Instructor Lindsay Hallead April 8, 2013 Talking Styles I feel the score that was given from the LSM was accurate. I used a portion of the text messages between me and my husband to complete the test. Before the test I felt we had a great connection when we communicate. We can communicate verbally and non-verbally very well. We have had great communication since the beginning and over the few years we have been together our communication has grown. Communication I don’t feel that it can be measured because it changes all the time.Communication is based upon a lot of things. It can reflect your mood and the atmosphere that you are in at the time. Your LSM score is 0. 79 Compared to other IMs that we have analyzed, your LSM score is slightly below average to give you an idea, most LSM scores for IMs range between . 75 and . 95, with an average around . 84. The more that the two people are paying attention to each other in their interaction, the higher the LSM. LSM is higher in ongoing conversations such as IMs, telephone calls, or face-to-face conversations.LSM is lower in emails, letters, or other less direct interactions. The more similar the topic and the mindset of the two authors, the more the LSM score should be similar. Do not take this feedback about LSM too seriously. It is still in the experimental phase. Several factors can lead to LSM scores that are too low. Some problems include: †¢Too few words by one or both authors †¢Very different genres of writing between the two people †¢An extreme number of misspellings or IM shortcuts (words such as â€Å"2† for â€Å"to† or â€Å"b4† for â€Å"before†).If you think this was a problem, correct these problems and see if your numbers change. Some of the best way to interpret your own feedback is to run different LSM scores with IMs or emails to and from other friends. Or track LSM scores with the same person over time. Once you start com paring your numbers, you can get a better sense of your average LSM numbers. (http://www. utpsyc. org/synch/feedback. php) I do not believe that language style matching is a comprehensive way to predict the quality of interpersonal relationships.Interpersonal relationships are more on the inside that what the language style matching can measure. Interpersonal relationships also change like communication. You may grow closer to the person you have an interpersonal relationship with or end up hating the person you have an interpersonal relationship with. There are many things that can happen to change an interpersonal relationship. I think the article â€Å"Shared Talking Styles Herald New and Lasting Romance† is somewhat true and somewhat false. There are a lot of things in this article that I have a hard time believing are true.I think a test about communication isn’t always accurate because of the circumstances that could affect the test. â€Å"Unconscious verbal coo rdination of this sort, dubbed language-style matching by the researchers, signifies not how much two people like each other but how much each is paying attention to what the other says, Ireland and her colleagues propose in an upcoming Psychological Science. †(Bower, B. 2010) I can see the truth in this statement because giving un-divided attention when communicating is very important.If someone isn’t really paying attention to the other person talking then the conversation is more so one sided. It is also very disrespectful. â€Å"A second experiment found that among 86 young-adult couples in committed relationships, those who used similar writing styles during 10 days of instant-messaging chats with each other were particularly likely to stay together over the next three months. †(Bower, B. 2010) This is one of the parts of the article that I find a little fishy.It is speed dating so that tells me that there is only about ten minutes of conversation going on a nd I just don’t see how any test can show how long a relationship will last. I believe that a relationship lasts because the people in it want it to last so therefore they work for it to last. Reference Bower, B. (2010, Shared talking styles herald new and lasting romance. U. S. News & World Report, , 1. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com/docview/821694533? accountid=32521 Language Style Matching score http://www. utpsyc. org/synch/feedback. php

A Symbol of Strength and Courage

I happen to be the youngest of the clan. My siblings often talk about what I call â€Å"the olden days†, going Into explicit details of their many childhood tales of fun and hard times mixed. Their stories were full of fun, excitement, and mischievousness. In each tale one or many of my siblings' anecdotes would include the trouble that they had gotten themselves Into, and then always tell of my mom's response. Mom would definitely give you her opinion (as she stood with her hands on her hips, fussing at you) on whatever crazy idea you had, but she would always still come to our rescue.Now that I am an adult I see Just how brave my mom really was. I TLD always believe that my mom was courageous. When I was young, I resented her for many years for the things that I had to endure as a child. I couldn't understand why certain decisions concerning us were made. I remember saying to myself when become a mother I will be different, my children will have options, our life will be bet ter. However, in a time when marriage was supposed to last forever, my mom with only a 10th grade education ended up raising her children mostly simplemindedly.My sisters and brother would often describe how my father's drinking affected their lives when they were young. I was too young to remember those times but I was told how mom would get up early in the morning and go Into the vegetable fields to work in order to put food on the table for her children. Later, when I came along mom worked in the seafood industry. It all was very labor intensive work standing on your feet all day. But mom never complained. My favorite memory is when I would get home from school and my mom would have dinner prepared and you walked into all kinds of luscious smells coming from the kitchen.My mom never really talked about that time of her life, she Just showed her children her love for them by ensuring we had what we needed. What makes my mom great? I used to ask myself that very same question, but not anymore. Now that I am a mother of two challenging teenagers, I have a world of respect and gratitude for my mom for the way that she raised my siblings and me. The morals, values, and belief system that are now Ingrained In me; I can only hope and pray are ingrained in my children as well. I often think about my holding and the lessons I learned from my mom.Growing up, in VA, was not the sleet thing In ten world My Tie consisted AT Nanning clothes on ten line, rolling in wood for the stove, and pumping water from the well to bring into the house. Everyday doing the same thing over and over, I hated them so much. I was upset that we had to live that way. It wasn't until years later that I realized, that my mom was right there with us every step of the way and encouraging us all that we could do much better in life. Each day I strives to do better in school.I also, realized that those chores were making me responsible and teaching me work ethics even while I was young. I have hop efully passed on to my children my hard working nature and taught them responsibility as well. Mom spent each day of her life showing those around her how much she loved Christ. I saw my mom as a beacon of hope and encouragement to me each day of my life. As I look back and reflect over my childhood, we went through some really hard times. But I can say that my mom let her faith guide her and keep her positive in the midst of bad situations.I never saw y mom cry or get upset over the things that we went through. I do remember her taking us to church and helping us to develop a relationship with Christ. I often think back to times when my mom would sit on the couch in our living room and she would sing hymns. She didn't have the best voice in the world but it didn't matter. She would sit there for an hour and sing and record herself on her tape recorder. Then she would playback her songs and sing along. I never got the chance to tell my mom, how much that encourages me even to this d ay.She showed me how to stay in a costive frame of mind and not be overtaken by disappointing situations. Caring, dedicated, compassionate, understanding, committed, and loving my mom, not Muhammad All was the greatest. I'm only sorry that it took me so long in life to realize it, because once I did, there wasn't much time left for me to spend with her. My mom spent her life sacrificing for her children and family. As I sat at her funeral and listened to all the wonderful things people said about my mom, I can only hope and pray that one day those great words can be said about me.

Personal & Career Development Programme Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Personal & Career Development Programme - Essay Example A business model will hence serve as a link between business experts and technical experts to help them understand their roles. In addition, a business model is a significant determinant of making profits accrued from an innovation. Therefore, a business model often attracts a multitude of many business subjects like economics, strategy, operations, entrepreneurship, finance and marketing (Bradford, 2009). Moreover, the main reason why  a given ordinary innovation along with a strong business model often tends to be more profitable compared to a leading innovation whose business model is a mediocre (Bolman 2004). Barlow (2007) explains that a business model has six components, which enables it to be effective, as well as efficient; these components include: Value proposition – this is a depiction of customer problems, products that deal with this problem, as well as the value of the product in view of the customer. Market segment – this is the target group of the cust omers, acknowledging that every market segments have their own distinct need. In most cases, the capability of an innovation is realized by targeting different market segment. Value chain structure – this is the company’s position, along with the value chain, and how the company intends to occupy the element of the principles it establishes in the chain. Revenue generation and margins – this involves the ways that income is generated like sales, subscription etc.; target profit margins, and the cost structure. Position in the value network – this is the identification of competitors, as well as any network results that can be used in delivering more value to customers. Competitive strategy – these entail ways in which the company will attempt to create a prolonged competitive advantage e.g. by striving to be different from other companies (Piro, 2000). An illustration with the help of a case study is the best way to describe ABC Corporation, along with its ABC Model 999 copier, in relation to its business model, products or services, potential development, as well as the customer base (Hoque 2000). The Model 999 often utilized the relativity of higher electro-photography process, a dry process that often dodges the utilization of using wet chemicals (Rainey, 2005). In its attempts to look for potential partners, the ABC Corporation became repeatedly turned down by many leading companies who perceived that technology they had did not have any future especially with the use of the business models (Bradford, 2009). Although the technology was exclusive to first copy systems, the cost of the system at that time was extremely high since it was six to seven times higher than other technologies (Webber, 2010). The issue of selling a given system at lower cost so as to be adopted by many companies then came into place and had to make a decision or else be faced out of the market. This challenge had to come with them also need to make huge profits at that time and to incur their expenses too. They also got suppliers that could supply them with supplies that were identical to theirs, but at cheaper cost (Brinckloe, 2001).