Evolution of Management Essay

From the Biblical times we view monarchies of the time uptake some form of worry to lord over the great solid grounds such as the Egyptians who used hierarchy management to build the pyramids, Moses leading the Israelites done the desert to the promised land and King David when he was in charge of the kingdom of Israel. In Ancient civilizations, the Roman Empire made use of devolved government to manage the vast empires resources. This was done through governors who were in charge of genuine areas as we show in the bible during the birth of Jesus Christ.We empennage find artifacts that in old cities such as Jerusalem where we find aqueducts that give us an idea of how they managed the water resources. Modernization of the world lead to cities and towns that brought about the need to manage the resources in order to go forth service to the people living within them. We also find management in the church and military before the industrial revolution.The Roman Catholic chur ch building is one example that has had an impact on management as we see in the catholic hierarchy led by the pope and includes cardinals, patriarchs, and bishops. The array has greatly influenced management through power vested in positions in the set up of command. Management continued to evolve and we find individuals in history who devise made contributions to the art of management as we know it Luka Pacioli was an Italian mathematician considered the sire of accounting.He invented the double entry accounting system. Adam Smith was a political economist whose concepts on economics at the beginning of the industrial revolution contributed greatly to management today. Robert Owens, Charles Babbage, Henry Vernum Poor and Henry Robinson Towne are other individuals who were influential to management in this era. With the onset of the industrial revolution, smart ways of management came into play as new generations looked to increase productivity of presidencys.Classical EraS cientific Management Scientific management was pioneered by Frederick W. Taylor a mechanical engineer who sought to improve industrial efficiency. He saw the need to have management design jobs properly and provide incentives to motivate workers to achieve higher productivity. His ideology was to find the best practice, adjourn the task into its constituent elements and get rid of things that do not issue value. Taylors scientific management gave way to specialization and is considered the rear to many an(prenominal) other management systems that came after. Taylor was supported in this new way of management by Henry Gantt who is accredited with the Gantt chart that is widely used for project management. Frank and Lillian Gilbreth were also early advocates of the scientific management system. Through the performance study, Frank sought to make the processes more efficient by bring down the motions while Lillians interest was on the humans aspect of work. The human aspect of t he scientific management principles seek to understand the workers personality and needs.administrative ManagementHenri Fayol, was a French engineer and manager of the mines developed the administrative theory of management. He viewed management as an employment common to altogether human undertakings. He is credited to giving us the first comp functions of management1.Planning2.Organizing 3.Command/Direct 4.Coordinate 5.Control He urged that management was an all encompassing activity that should be taught in schools, colleges and universities. This approach proposed that management is a skill which put forward be acquired if its principles are understood and rejected the idea that managers are born, not made.Bureaucratic ManagementA German Sociologist, Max webers approach to management was by focusing on the organisational structure. His views divided organizations into hierarchies with clear lines of power and control, divided labor such that authority and responsibility are clearly defined and legitimized, organizational officials are plant and not elected, organization members are selected on the basis of their technical mental reservation obtained through formal education and training. Organizations are to treat all employees and customers as and not be influenced by differences. Webers principles on organizing mickle create stable, organized and systematic organizations but make it difficult for the organization to adapt to changing environments and new challenges.Neo-Classical Eraoperations Management (Research) Operations management, also known as quantitative management, gives a quantitative basis for decision making. It is characterised by the search for the optimal answer to a riddle by using quantitative models. It specially deals with the development of mathematical models to serve in decision making and problem solving. This theory holds that managing is a reasonable and rationale process, so it can be expressed in ground of mathema tical models.